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Original Article

Investigation of in vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of different plant essential oils against postharvest apple rot diseases – Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum

In vitro und in vivo Untersuchungen zur antimykotischen Aktivität verschiedener pflanzlicher ätherischer Öle gegenüber Nacherntekrankenheiten – Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Botrytis cinerea und Penicillium expansum

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Affiliation
1 Yıldız Technical University, Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering Faculty, Bioengineering Department, 34210, Istanbul , Turkey
2 Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Food Engineering Department, 34303, Istanbul , Turkey
3 Selcuk University, Agriculture Faculty, Plant Protection Department, 42049, Konya , Turkey

Dr. Azime Yilmaz
Yıldız Technical University
Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering Faculty
Bioengineering Department
34210 I˙stanbul
Turkey
yilmaz@yildiz.edu.tr

J. Food Safety Food Qual. 2016 , 67(5), 122–131; https://doi.org/10.2376/0003-925X-67-122
Abstract

The essential oils (EOs) extracted from sage (Salvia officinalis), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), oregano (Origanum vulgare), eucalyptus sp. and fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) were tested for their antifungal capacities against Penicillium (P.) expansum, Colletotrichum (C.) gloeosporioides and Botrytis (B.) cinerea in vitro and in vivo using golden delicious apples. The main components found in the essential oils of rosemary, sage, fennel, eucalyptus and oregano were camphor (26.25 %), α-thujone (14.95 %) along with 1.8-cineol (13.40 %), trans anethole (80.73 %), cymene (24.90 %) and carvacrol (81.25 %) respectively. The percentage of mycelial growth inhibition was determined using fumigation bioassay and contact bioassay techniques. Oregano EO was found to be the most effective essential oil against fungi species in in vitro and in vivo trials. The descending order of inhibition power of other EOs was noted as eucalyptus, fennel, sage and rosemary. Oregano EO did not stop the fungal growth completely at selected concentrations. However, it was able to limit the growth of fungi (fungistatic) in in vitro bioassays from approximately 80 to 15 mm, from 19 to 4 mm and from 50 to 9 mm in diameter for B. cinerea, P. expansum and C. gloeosporioides respectively.

Zusammenfassung

Ätherische Öle extrahiert aus Salbei (Salvia officinalis), Rosmarin (Rosmarinus officinalis), Oregano (Origanum vulgare), Eukalyptus und Fenchel (Foeniculum vulgare) wurden auf ihre antimykotische Eigenschaften gegenüber Penicillium (P.) expansum, Colletotrichum (C.) gleosporioides und Botrytis (B.) cinerea in vitro und in vivo (Golden Delicious Äpfel) getestet. Die Hauptkomponenten in den ätherischen Ölen waren Kampfer (26,25 %), α-Thujon (14,95 %), 1,8-Cineol (13,40 %), trans-Anethol (80,73 %), Cymol (24,90 %) und Carvacrol (81,25 %). Die Hemmung des Myzelwachstums wurde mit Begasungs- und Kontakttechniken bestimmt. Das aus Oregano extrahierte ätherische Öl zeigte den stärksten Effekt gegenüber den Pilzen sowohl in vitro als auch in vivo. Gefolgt von den ätherische Ölen von Eukalyptus, Fenchel, Salbei und Rosmarin. Das ätherische Öl von Oregano konnte bei den ausgewählten Konzentrationen das Pilzwachstum nicht vollständig stoppen. Es war aber in-vitro in der Lage, den Wachstumsdurchmesser der Pilze von ca. 80 mm auf 15 mm (B. cinerea), von ca. 19 mm auf 4 mm (P. expansum) und von ca. 50 mm auf 9 mm (C. gleosporioides) zu begrenzen.

Keywords
Plant essential oil
golden delicious apple
C. gloeosporioides
B. cinerea
P. expansum
fungal deseases
Schlüsselwörter
Ätherische Öle
Golden Delicious
C. gloeosporioides
B. cinerea
P. expansum
Pilzerkrankungen
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